The first member of the A320 family, the A320, was launched in March 1984, first flew on 22 February 1987, and was first delivered in 1988. The family was soon extended to include the A321 (first delivered 1994), the A319 (1996), and the A318 (2003). The A320 family pioneered the use of digital fly-by-wire flight control systems in a commercial aircraft. Although there were a continously improvement process since introduction, currently the A320 Enhanced program includes greater improvements.
With over 4,000 built and an additional 2,400 on order as of November 2009, the Airbus A320 family is Airbus's best-selling aircraft to date. It is also the currently best-selling jet airliner family.
The A320 family was developed to compete against the Boeing 737 Classics (-300/-400/-500) and the McDonnell Douglas MD-80/90 series, and has since faced challenges from the Boeing 737 Next-Generation (-600/-700/-800/-900) and the Boeing 717 during its two decades in service. As of September 2008, the competitors to the A320 family are the Boeing 737 Next Generation, Bombardier's Cseries jet to the A318/A319 and Embraer's E-195 jet to the A318.
Airbus has shipped 3,723 A318/A319/A320/A321s since its certification/first delivery in early 1988, with another 2,598 on firm order (31 December 2008). Boeing has shipped 6,000 737s since late 1967, with 4,404 of those deliveries since 1988, and has a further 2,270 on firm order (31 December 2008). Based on figures since 1988 when they first entered direct competition, Airbus delivered on average 177 A320 series aircraft per annum, while on average 209 Boeing 737s were delivered.
Airbus requires about eight months to build an A320 jetliner. Components from various Airbus plants are transported to the final assembly plant at Hamburg Finkenwerder for the A318/A319/A320/A321[7] and to Toulouse Blagnac for the A320. Nearly all assemblies are moved using Airbus' A300-600ST 'Beluga' outsized transporters.
The Airbus A320s sold to China to be delivered between 2009 and 2012 will be assembled in the People's Republic of China inTianjin. Airbus intends to relocate Toulouse A320 final assembly activity to Hamburg for the next generation of short range as part of its Power organization plan begun under ex-CEO Christian Streiff.
The A320 family production rate in 2008 was slightly more than 32 aircraft per month. Current EADS ceo Louis Gallois stated in May 2007 that Airbus would be producing 40 narrowbodies per month by the end of 2009, including proposed Tianjin, China-assembled aircraft. However, 2008 marked the high point to date in Airbus narrowbody manufacture (32 aircraft/month), a rate which the EADS division hopes to maintain in 2009 and which is higher than what Airbus forecast less than two years earlier.
Specifications
| A318-100 | A319-100 / A319LR /A319CJ | A320-200 | A321-200 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cockpit crew | Two | |||
| Seating capacity | 132 (1-class, maximum) 117 (1-class, typical) 107 (2-class, typical) | 156 (1-class, maximum) 134 (1-class, typical) 124 (2-class, typical) | 180 (1-class, maximum) 164 (1-class, typical) 150 (2-class, typical) | 220 (1-class, maximum) 199 (1-class, typical) 185 (2-class, typical) |
| Length | 31.44 m (103 ft 2 in) | 33.84 m (111 ft 0 in) | 37.57 m (123 ft 3 in) | 44.51 m (146 ft 0 in) |
| Wingspan | 34.10 m (111 ft 11 in) | |||
| Wing area | 122.6 m2 (1,320 sq ft) | |||
| Wing sweepback | 25 degrees | |||
| Tail height | 12.56 metres (41 ft 2 in) | 11.76 m (38 ft 7 in) | ||
| Cabin width | 3.70 m (12 ft 2 in) | |||
| Fuselage width | 3.95 m (13 ft 0 in) | |||
| Cargo capacity | 21.21 m3 (749 cu ft) | 27.62 m3 (975 cu ft) 4× LD3 | 37.41 m3 (1,321 cu ft) 7× LD3 | 51.73 m3 (1,827 cu ft) 10× LD3 |
| Empty weight, typical | 39,500 kg (87,000 lb) | 40,800 kg (90,000 lb) | 42,600 kg (94,000 lb) | 48,500 kg (107,000 lb) |
| Maximum take-off weight (MTOW) | 68,000 kg (150,000 lb) | 75,500 kg (166,000 lb) | 78,000 kg (170,000 lb) | 93,500 kg (206,000 lb) |
| Cruising speed | Mach 0.78 (828 km/h/511 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | |||
| Maximum speed | Mach 0.82 (871 km/h/537 mph at 11,000 m/36,000 ft) | |||
| Maximum range, fully loaded | 3,100 nautical miles (5,700 km; 3,600 mi) | 3,600 nautical miles (6,700 km; 4,100 mi) LR: 5,600 nmi (10,400 km; 6,400 mi) CJ: 6,500 nmi (12,000 km; 7,500 mi) | 3,200 nautical miles (5,900 km; 3,700 mi) | 3,000 nautical miles (5,600 km; 3,500 mi) |
| Take off run at MTOW (at Sea Level, ISA) | 1,355 m (4,446 ft) | 1,950 m (6,400 ft) | 2,090 m (6,860 ft) | 2,180 m (7,150 ft) |
| Maximum fuel capacity | 24,210 L (5,330 imp gal; 6,400 US gal) | 24,210 L (5,330 imp gal; 6,400 US gal) standard 30,190 L (6,640 imp gal; 7,980 US gal) optional | 24,050 litres (5,290 imp gal; 6,350 US gal) standard 30,030 L (6,610 imp gal; 7,930 US gal) optional | |
| Service ceiling | 12,000 m (39,000 ft) | |||
| Engines (×2) | Pratt & Whitney PW6000 series CFM International CFM56-5 series | IAE V2500 series CFM International CFM56-5 series | ||
| Thrust (×2) | 96–106 kilonewtons (22,000–24,000 lbf) | 98–120 kilonewtons (22,000–27,000 lbf) | 111–120 kilonewtons (25,000–27,000 lbf) | 133–147 kilonewtons (30,000–33,000 lbf) |
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